Oxides ores of iron after concentration through calcinationroasting are mixed with limestone and coke and fed into a blast furnace from its top. Firstly, the carbon in the blast furnace burns with the hot air to form carbon dioxide. Extracting iron from iron ore in a blast furnace essay 706. Iron ore is usually a mixture of iron and vast quantities of impurities such as sand and clay referred to as gangue. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy youtube.
Pieces of cast iron were placed on a finery hearth, on which charcoal was being burned with a plentiful supply of air, so that carbon in the iron was removed by oxidation, leaving. The iron is reduced from the ore by carbon in the coke, the limestone aiding slag separation from the molten iron. Smelting method used in the extraction of iron definition smelting is the process in which ore is mixed with purifying or heat generating substance like limestone and coke, they are heated at high temperature in an enclosed furnace. Mar 31, 2014 iron can be extracted by the blast furnace because it can be displaced by carbon. Blast furnace ironmaking process using prereduced iron ore. Effect of alkali on different iron making processes medcrave. The energy needed to grind the ore, heat and harden the pellets, and smelt the. Hottest part of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace, adjacent to the hot air blast entry points, the temperature reaches around 1800. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. The molten iron is made using the thermit reaction where iron oxide is reacted with aluminium powder. Jul 21, 2014 iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. Iron extraction by blast furnace metallurgy procedure and. Blast furnaces are used to produce pig iron from iron ore for subsequent. Iron is extracted from different ores exist in the world.
Iron extraction manufacturing process blast furnace method. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Dec 17, 2017 overview of blast furnace the blast furnace is the most popular iron making process. Usage of the blast and cupola furnace remained widespread during the song and tang dynasties. The gas exits the furnace in the top where it has a temperature between 373and 423k.
Crashing and grinding the ore is crushed then ground into powder. Extracting iron from iron ore in a blast furnace essay. Its a long process which begins with concentration through calcination roasting. Describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. A mineral which contains iron hematite fe 2 o 3 limestone caco 3 coke c. Hot air is blasted into the bottom of the blast furnace. Additional electrochemistry and the extraction of metals. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron iii oxide, fe 2o 3. Extracting iron redox, extraction of iron and transition. The bf is a countercurrent heat exchanger where hot gas ascends in the furnace giving heat to the descending raw material while reducing iron oxides. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. Haematite is added to the top of the furnace along with coke i. The location, shape and extent of each zone is influenced by the properties of the material layers relative thickness, etc. First, it acts a fuel to provide energy for the reduction of haematite.
Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. Blast furnace ironmaking download books pdfepub and read. Concentration of orecalcination or roasting of ore reduction of ore concentration of ore. The blast furnace appeared in europe in the 15th century when it was realized that cast iron could be used to make onepiece guns with good pressureretaining properties, but whether its introduction was due to chinese influence or was an independent development is unknown. These factors interact to determine the flow and distribution of. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy. Introductioniron is extracted from its oxide ore called haematite fe 2 o 3. Direct biohydrometallurgical extraction of iron from ore osti.
The finely crushed ore is suspended in water containing a little amount of pine oil. Iron locates at middle part in the activity series. Previously a waste product with limited use as a base aggregate for roads and ballast for railways, it is now much in demand as a valuable supplement for portland cement as a result. Give the chemical reactions that take place in the different zones of the furnace ans. Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top. For the experimental work, blast furnace slag was procured from ghatge patil industry. Blast furnace produces hot metal liquid iron using iron ore, coke, sinter, pellets and fluxes such as limestone, pyroxenite, quartzite reacting with oxygen from pre heated air.
The ore is reduced to iron as the charge falls through the furnace. Blast furnace ironmaking download books pdfepub and. This furnace has an historical rate production of 2. Blast furnace operation an overview sciencedirect topics. Lkabs experimental blast furnace for evaluation of iron. This entire process of production of hot metal is associated with various safety hazards like hit entanglement with mobile equipment, burns, fire, slip. The blast furnace operates at 1900 c in order to smelt iron from iron ore. The step by step process of extracting iron from its ore using the blast furnace with details of chemical reactions. May 29, 2012 2 iron and aluminium are two important metals extracted from their ores on a large scale. Extraction of iron using blast furnace raw materials for iron extraction.
Its characteristics depend on the nature of iron ore used in the extraction of iron, which significantly differs from place to place. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into. Pig iron is poured from the bottom of the blast furnace through a trough into a ladle car for transfer to the steel mill in liquid form. This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. Extraction of iron using blast furnace definition, examples, diagrams. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom.
Extraction of copper by smelting process following steps are involved in the extraction of copper. Hot combustion air is supplied to the furnace and some form of fuel used to raise the temperature. Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. The following questions are about the blast furnace and the production of iron.
Write the equations for each of the following reactions. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce the concentrated ore chemically to its liquid metal state. Coke mainly carbon the charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. These revision notes on the extraction of iron in a blast furnace and the process of steel making and other alloys should prove useful for the new aqa, edexcel and ocr gcse 91 chemistry science courses. Calcination the ore is then heated in absence of air calcined. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed.
It is reduced rich iron ore at present time resources of rich iron ore are preserved only in australia and brazil, sinter or pellets in the blast furnace. Extraction of iron process high temperature continuous reduction of iron ores by carbon carbon monoxide in the blast furnace possible because iron is below carbon in the reactivity series raw materials iron ore fe2o3 haematite coke fuel reducing agent cheap and plentiful air. The flowcharacteristic of blast furnace slags is strongly influenced by the extent of reduction of iron oxide at low temperature in the granular zone besides being influenced by the composition, and the quality and the quantity of the gangue in the iron bearing materials. Extraction of iron by the blast furnace process leybold shop. Hence oxides of iron can be reduced by carbon monoxide and coke. Lkabs experimental blast furnace for evaluation of iron ore. He washed ore is then strongly heated in the absence of air to expel water shacking to it. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions byjus. The slag floats on the surface of the liquid iron produced. Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. Define iron extraction by blast furnace metallurgy.
Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a. The hot metal then poured into a steelmaking vessel to produce steel, typically an electric arc furnace is used for this process, where the excess carbon is burned off and the alloy composition is controlled. Pdf kinetics of iron removal from tiextraction blast. Draw a neat labeled diagram of blast furnace used in the extraction of cast iron. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into various kinds of steel. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone. To attain that temperature, coke and not coal is used as fuel, and the fire inside the. It is a way to reduce the risks when fullscale tests are performed.
The molten slag, which absorbs much of the sulfur from the charge, comprises about 20 percent by mass of iron. It may be possible to improve the productivity and flexibility of the blast furnace operation and also to substitute energy sources in the pig iron production. Internally the blast furnace is considered to consist of five discrete zones, see fig. The arrival of blast furnaces, however, opened up an alternative manufacturing route. Iron extraction by blast furnace metallurgy procedure. Extraction of iron class 12, general principles and processes of. Iron ore, coke and limestone are mixed together and fed into the top of the blast furnace. Extraction of iron process high temperature continuous reduction of iron ores by carbon carbon monoxide in the blast furnace possible because iron is below carbon in the reactivity series raw materials iron ore fe2o3 haematite coke fuel reducing agent cheap and plentiful air for combustion of fuel. Name the main compound present in the following raw materials. The blast furnace is the most popular iron making process. The most common ore of iron is called haematite iron iii oxide. The oxygen must be removed from the iron iii oxide in.
The earliest evidence of the use of a blast furnace in china dates to the 1st century ad, and cupola furnaces were used as early as the warring states period 403221 bc. Limestone and coke are used as other raw materials to generate heat and reducing agents. In this reduction reaction, oxygen is removed from the iron iii oxide to leave behind iron. Extracting iron iron and aluminium gcse chemistry single. Industrial production of iron definition, examples, diagrams. The diagram shows the blast furnace for the extraction of iron from its ore, taken as haematite. The charging of burden is conducted from above, through the typical charging unit, which is the gas damper of the blast furnace. They are the starting materials for the technical extraction of pig iron in the blast furnace. Second, coke forms carbon monoxide, which then serves as the reducing agent to reduce haematite to iron. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with. It consists primarily of silicates, aluminosilicates, and calciumaluminasilicates. Objective blast furnace produces hot metal liquid iron using iron ore, coke, sinter, pellets and fluxes such as limestone, pyroxenite, quartzite reacting with oxygen from pre heated air. The alkali in the blast furnace form carbonates, cyanides and silicates at different temperature and heights of the furnace.
Effect of alkali on different iron making processes. Extraction of metals cie igcse chemistry revision notes. Extraction of iron using blast furnace definition, examples. This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to. Hematite fe 2 o 3 is reduced to iron metal in the blast furnace under several steps.
The extraction of iron from its ore is a long and subdued process, that helps in separating the useful components from the waste materials such as slag. Aug 15, 2020 the production of iron from its ore involves an oxidationreduction reaction carried out in a blast furnace. In 2009 a second partial repair was conducted in order to repair the refractory hearth lining around the tap hole. In this metallurgical operation, the ore is concentrated by removing impurities like soil etc. A waste material called slag is formed at the same time. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. The iron found in iron ores are found in the form of iron oxides.
Pdf effect of alkali on different iron making processes. Iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe2o3. Manufacture of iron blast furnace chemical aspects and steel. Iron can be extracted by the blast furnace because it can be displaced by carbon. Iron does not exist on the earth as an element, but rather in the form of its oxides and sulphides in iron ore. The alkali metals enter the blast furnace through the raw materials. The charge consists of roasted ore, coke and limestone in. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron iii oxide, fe 2 o 3. The reduction of iron oxide in the blast furnace results in the formation of two. The ore is loaded into a blast furnace along with measured quantities of coke and limestone. This is more efficient method than electrolysis because it is more cost effective 4.
Principle of extractionextraction of iron is based on the reduction of haematite fe 2 o 3 with carbon details of extractionthe process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps. The blast furnace after iron ore is mined it is send to the blast furnace iron is extracted from its ore in a blast furnace. Blast furnace slag is a nonmetallic coproduct produced in the process in the production of iron from iron ore or iron scrap. Firstly, iron ore is reduced to pig iron in a blast furnace, then. Iron smelting may have been introduced into china through central asia. Extraction of iron by the blast furnace process extraction.
Concentration the ore is crushed in crushers and is broken to small pieces. Iron making is the extraction of iron from its ore to a specified composition. A preheated blast of air at 1500 o c, is blown into the furnace under pressure near to the bottom. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast. The charge consists of roasted ore, coke and limestone in the approximate ratio of 12. In this research, ammonium chloride was used to calcine ti extraction blast furnace slag ebfs with the aim of removing iron from it.
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